Over the years we have dug sites, or searched for digging sites, on farmland, in woods, on fallow or 'wasteland', in urban areas and in rural areas, in remote areas and even in peoples back gardens. Wherever we are digging or searching the one basic underlying rule we follow is: as far as physically possible leave a site as good as, or better than, we found it.

We always seek permission for our digs and have a good track record, backed up by references from major landowners, for digging responsibly, keeping landowners fully informed, always sticking to any conditions attached to permissions, and leaving sites in good condition. Below are some photographs of two sites we have dug recently.

Also on this page is our 'Digging Code of Conduct', and a brief mention of our search for Permissions. Although the examples below are all larger rubbish dumps at least a few tens of metres in extent, all of the points we make are equally relevant whether we are digging a large dumping site or a small Victorian rubbish pit (as small as 3 feet square!) of the type often found behind old pubs, taverns or shops.

DIGGING AND TIDYING UP.

We start off by removing the turf, or the topsoil if there is no turf, and placing it to one side. Then, a hole is dug straight down to the bottom of the tip (usually between 2 and 5 feet down, but sometimes deeper), and the tip contents put on a tarpaulin or groundsheet. Whenever possible (usually on shallower sites) we backfill as we dig. This keeps a site tidier as we dig, but also makes filling in at the end of the day much easier.

Even when we know we will be returning to a site two or more days in a row we will fill in and and fully tidy up on a daily basis rather than leaving holes unfilled and then tidying up at the end of the two, three or four day period. The only times we don't do this are when we are specifically told it will be unnecessary (which does sometimes happen). Either way, we always tidy up at the end of every digging session.

Below are some before, during, and after photographs of digs we have done in the past two or three years:

1. A grassed site. This was in a field where animals were kept for part of the year. We were allowed to dig here during the season the animals were elsewhere.

Above: a trench started in the shallow tip (maximum of 3 feet deep). At this point the trench is almost long enough to begin backfilling. The tip contents are almost entirely soil, clinker, and coal ash (from the days before central heating and gas or electric cookers). Various fragments of broken glass and pottery can be seen stikcing out of the ash in the side of the hole, and on the spoil heap.

Above: Putting turf back on top of the backfill as we go along. Getting a large part of the filling-in done in this way as we go along makes tidying up at the end of the day a lot easier.

Above: The tip contents back in the hole, compacted down, and levelled off. All larger pieces of pottery, glass, rubble, etc, are put into the bottom of the hole, before the hole is filled in.

Above: Done for the day. This dig was in the summer, and the turf put back on top of the previous weekends digging is already going slightly brown, on the right. This days digging is still green next to it. The brown areas greened up and fully recovered within a few weeks.

2. A woodland site. Two sets of photographs from different parts of the same site. The first set are from a flat area at the top of a slope. The second set is at the bottom of the same slope, at a different time of year.

Above: getting started. Nettles cleared, groundsheets laid, in a spot that is not too close to any trees.

Above: Down in the dump. Topsoil (complete, in this case, with wild flower bulbs), is heaped on the far side of the hole. Tip contents are piled on a groundsheet closer to the camera. The piles of 'junk' at either end of the hole are bricks, lumps of metal, and large broken or otherwise unwanted glass and stoneware pieces that will go back into the bottom of the hole before we start filling in.

We have found that wild flower bulbs do not suffer significantly from being moved around in this way, so long as the digging is done well after the flowering season is over, and so long as the bulbs are covered with a layer of topsoil at the end of the day. If they are left lying exposed at the surface they tend to get eaten by wildlife.

This site is slightly deeper than the previous one and so trenching forward and backfilling' as we did with the previous site, is minimal in the course of one day of digging.

Above: Filled in, tamped down and covered with topsoil. Scattering the foliage removed at the beginning of the day back on top helps make the dug area blend in with the surroundings a bit more. This time next year even we will have difficulty locating this spot again.

Above: Digging at the bottom of the slope, in winter.

Above: Finished at the end of the day. Once the hole was filled in and levelled off scattered dead leaves made it easy to leave it looking as though we hadn't even been there. The only sign that we have been is the area where the dead weeds have gone.

Our Digging Code of Conduct.

There are several very simple measures that we have found through experience are an enormous help when asking for permission and subsequently digging. Sticking to these avoids pretty much every problem that might crop up:

1. We always leave a site as tidy as we found it, or if possible tidier. We do this on a daily basis unless specifically told otherwise, and will also usually carry out a final tidy up once a site is completely finished.

2. We always offer to make any final improvements to a site that are requested (within reason!), such as reseeding or planting once digging is finished, burying or otherwise removing rubbish that may be lying around on top before we start, etc. We have even on occasion recontoured a site, within the limits of what can be done in a day or two, by two people.

3. We always keep the fact that we are digging a site confidential between us and the landowner, unless the landowner specifically suggests otherwise.

4. We never wander elsewhere on the owners land without their knowledge or permission. We stick to the area we have permission for.

5. We always comply with other conditions a landowner may want to make. These may include anything reasonable, but one of the most common is a requirement to restrict digging to certain times of the day, or of the year, or to avoid certain times when the land is being used for shooting or other activities. Another is that we keep the landowner fully informed of progress and finds, either verballyor in writing.

6. Phased permissions: When we are not sure about the location of a site and are asking for permission to search for it, we commonly get two stages of permission. Stage 1 is permission to search. Stage 2 is permission to dig, if we find a possible site, and if it is in a location where digging will not cause obvious problems.

The digging Code of Conduct above has worked very well for us in the past, as well as for the owners of land we have had permission to dig on.

For anyone contemplating digging for the first time, the other aspect that must always be borne in mind is safety, both yours and other peoples. This website does not provide any detailed guidelines on this issue, and obviously all diggers must always take their own responsibility for safe digging, but some basic safety points include:

NEVER dig alone; ALWAYS wear strong gloves and boots, ALWAYS have a mobile phone with you (and keep it within reach); NEVER dig deeper than is safe; ALWAYS fill in all holes (whether you personally think they are dangerous or not!), ALWAYS rebury all glass, pottery and other sharp items when you have finished.

Permissions.

A crucial part of our hobby is the quest for permissions. While the search for worth-while sites can be both frustrating and time consuming, all the effort of the search counts for nothing if permission to dig a site is not forthcoming. We have been lucky on this score so far because we have managed to get permission for almost 100% of the sites we have found since we started searching and digging together a few years ago. We like to think that this high success rate is because we have, from day one, adopted an open and forthright approach, and have always stuck to the digging code of conduct above.

We would (obviously) be very interested* to hear from any owners of land in the UK where Victorian dumps, or smaller rubbish pits, are located, who would be prepared to give us permission to dig on those sites. If you are such a landowner but are unsure about the practicalities, or would like additional information of any kind, or just a bit of a chat about the whole thing, please contact us to find out more.

* Who are we kidding? We'd be chuffed to bits.

References.

We have written references from owners of sites we have dug in the past three years. These can be provided to owners of any land we seek permission to search for sites on, or to dig on, in the future.

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© J. M. Kemp & D. Gray.